II.—The skull and Dermal Armour of Stegosaurus

Stegosaurus chirality

Introduction Most living things appear rather symmetrical: the external human form, for example, has a plane of mirror symmetry to good approximation. Snails, flounders, narwhals, crossbills, fiddler crabs and twining vines are members of the short but fascinating list of living things known instead to defy mirror symmetry by exhibiting exterior chirality. The study of this symmetry breaking li...

Iithe Interpretation of Political Discourses

Mechanical adaptability of the Bouligand-type structure in natural dermal armour.

Arapaima gigas, a fresh water fish found in the Amazon Basin, resist predation by piranhas through the strength and toughness of their scales, which act as natural dermal armour. Arapaima scales consist of a hard, mineralized outer shell surrounding a more ductile core. This core region is composed of aligned mineralized collagen fibrils arranged in distinct lamellae. Here we show how the Bouli...

Were there two forms of Stegosaurus?

We recognise that Stegosaurus exhibited exterior chirality and could, therefore, have assumed either of two distinct, mirror-image forms. Our preliminary investigations suggest that both existed. Stegosaurus’s exterior chirality raises new questions such as the validity of well-known exhibits whilst offering new insights into long-standing questions such as the function of the plates. We inform...

Reconstructing an Icon: Historical Significance of the Peabody’s Mounted Skeleton of Stegosaurus and the Changes Necessary to Make It Correct Anatomically by Ariel Revan

The iconic dinosaur Stegosaurus was named by Othniel Charles Marsh of Yale University in 1877 from several caudal elements and a large dermal plate of Stegosaurus armatus Yale Peabody Museum specimen 1850 found in the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation near Morrison, Colorado, USA (Marsh 1887). In 1910, the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History was the first institution to construct a mounted co...